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China’s policy framework for carbon capture, utilization and storage: Review, analysis, and outlook

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第3期页码 400-411 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0862-z

摘要： Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is estimated to contribute substantial CO₂ emission reduction to carbon neutrality in China. There is yet a large gap between such enormous demand and the current capacity, and thus a sound enabling environment with sufficient policy support is imperative for CCUS development. This study reviewed 59 CCUS-related policy documents issued by the Chinese government as of July 2022, and found that a supporting policy framework for CCUS is taking embryonic form in China. More than ten departments of the central government have involved CCUS in their policies, of which the State Council, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), and the Ministry of Ecological Environment (MEE) have given the greatest attention with different focuses. Specific policy terms are further analyzed following the method of content analysis and categorized into supply-, environment- and demand-type policies. The results indicate that supply-type policies are unbalanced in policy objectives, as policy terms on technology research and demonstration greatly outnumber those on other objectives, and the attention to weak links and industrial sectors is far from sufficient. Environment-type policies, especially legislations, standards, and incentives, are inadequate in pertinence and operability. Demand-type policies are absent in the current policy system but is essential to drive the demand for the CCUS technology in domestic and foreign markets. To meet the reduction demand of China’s carbon neutral goal, policies need to be tailored according to needs of each specific technology and implemented in an orderly manner with well-balanced use on multiple objectives.

关键词： carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) policy content analysis China

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Lifecycle carbon footprint and cost assessment for coal-to-liquid coupled with carbon capture, storage, and utilization technology in China

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第3期页码 412-427 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0879-3

摘要： The coal-to-liquid coupled with carbon capture, utilization, and storage technology has the potential to reduce CO₂ emissions, but its carbon footprint and cost assessment are still insufficient. In this paper, coal mining to oil production is taken as a life cycle to evaluate the carbon footprint and levelized costs of direct-coal-to-liquid and indirect-coal-to-liquid coupled with the carbon capture utilization and storage technology under three scenarios: non capture, process capture, process and public capture throughout the life cycle. The results show that, first, the coupling carbon capture utilization and storage technology can reduce CO₂ footprint by 28%–57% from 5.91 t CO₂/t·oil of direct-coal-to-liquid and 24%–49% from 7.10 t CO₂/t·oil of indirect-coal-to-liquid. Next, the levelized cost of direct-coal-to-liquid is 648–1027 $/t of oil, whereas that of indirect-coal-to-liquid is 653–1065 $/t of oil. When coupled with the carbon capture utilization and storage technology, the levelized cost of direct-coal-to-liquid is 285–1364 $/t of oil, compared to 1101–9793 $/t of oil for indirect-coal-to-liquid. Finally, sensitivity analysis shows that CO₂ transportation distance has the greatest impact on carbon footprint, while coal price and initial investment cost significantly affect the levelized cost of coal-to-liquid.

关键词： coal-to-liquid carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) carbon footprint levelized cost of liquid lifecycle assessment

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我国碳捕集利用与封存技术发展研究

张贤,李阳,马乔,刘玲娜

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第6期页码 70-80 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.06.004

摘要：

碳捕集利用与封存（ CCUS）是实现碳中和目标不可或缺的重要技术选择。为了系统梳理技术发展现状、明确未来发展方向，本文对我国 CCUS 技术水平、示范进展、成本效益、潜力需求等进行了全面评估。我国 CCUS 技术发展迅速，与国际整体发展水平相当，目前处于工业化示范阶段，但部分关键技术落后于国际先进水平。在成本效益方面，尽管当前 CCUS 技术成本较高，但未来可有效降低实现碳中和目标的整体减排成本。为此建议，加快构建 CCUS 技术体系，推进全链条集成示范，加快管网布局和基础设施建设，完善财税激励政策和法律法规体系。

关键词：碳中和，CCUS，技术研发与示范，减排潜力，成本与效益

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二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存技术 Perspectives

林青阳, 张霄, 王涛, 郑成航, 高翔

《工程（英文）》 2022年第14卷第7期页码 27-32 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.12.013

摘要：二氧化碳的排放会导致气候变化，而二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存（CCUS）是一种可持续性技术，在减排方面具有前景。从这个角度而言，二氧化碳捕集着重于化学吸收技术，主要原因在于其商业化潜力。

关键词：二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存二氧化碳捕集二氧化碳利用二氧化碳封存化学吸收电化学转化封存机制

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我国燃煤发电CCS/CCUS技术发展方向及发展路线图研究

叶云云, 廖海燕, 王鹏, 王军伟, 李全生

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第3期页码 80-89 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.03.012

摘要：本文提出了碳捕获和埋存/碳捕获、利用和埋存（CCS/CCUS）技术发展方向，按时间节点制定了我国CO₂捕集技术和输送技术发展路线图、CO₂化工、微藻生物制油和矿化等利用技术发展路线图；对2020、2030、2050年可能达到的全国碳排放量进行测算，对节能降耗、调整能源结构、CCS/CCUS技术对CO2减排的贡献度进行了评估，并提出了推广应用建议。

关键词：燃煤发电碳捕获、利用和埋存技术路线图排放量预测政策建议

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CCS，CCUS，CCRS，CMC系统集成

金涌,朱兵,胡山鹰,洪丽云

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第8期页码 49-55

摘要：

二氧化碳捕集—封存、生产生活中的节能减排和可再生能源的开发是实施低碳经济的三个核心举措。近年来提出的碳捕集—利用—封存和碳捕集—再利用—封存是更为积极的CO2减排应对策略。人类在未来必须要把宝贵的碳元素同时作为资源和能源载体循环利用，进行全程管理。

关键词：低碳经济碳捕集—封存碳捕集—利用—封存碳捕集—再利用—封存碳的全程管理

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离岸碳捕集利用与封存技术体系研究

李姜辉,李鹏春,李彦尊,童峰

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第2期页码 173-186 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.015

摘要：

离岸碳捕集、利用与封存（CCUS）技术是沿海国家或地区通过工程方式为实现CO₂减排而发展起来的解决方案与技术体系；相对于陆上CCUS技术，具有潜在封存空间广阔、封存安全等诸多优势。离岸CCUS技术指从沿海大型或近海碳排放源捕集CO₂，加压并运输至离岸封存平台后注入海底地质储层中，实现CO₂与大气永久隔离或利用其生产价值产品的过程。本文概要回顾了全球及我国离岸CCUS技术的发展需求与产业现状，分析了发展离岸CCUS的技术性和社会性价值；梳理总结了代表性的离岸CCUS技术发展路线及其态势，如CO₂工厂捕集、CO着眼不同技术创新方向面临的共性问题，提出我国离岸CCUS领域未来发展建议：注重陆海统筹战略规划和布局，培养高水平研究团队，加强各发展阶段的基础研究、核心技术研发、成本控制、规模增扩和政策激励等。

关键词：离岸碳捕集、利用与封存；CO2捕集；CO2运输；CO2封存；CO2利用；沿海地区；近海沉积盆地

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Synergistic utilization of coal and other energy – Key to low carbon economy

Weidou NI, Zhen CHEN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 1-19 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0136-4

摘要： In China, coal is a dominant component of energy mix, and it is expected to remain as such over the next 30 to 40 years. Coal is expected to be used even more in power generation. The direct combustion of coal already has been causing severe pollution and ecological degradation, and it is quite difficult to address the need to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) given the direct combustion of coal. Therefore, the polygeneration system based on coal gasification, which is one of the major examples of synergistic utilization of coal, is proposed. It is a comprehensive solution to meet the energy challenges China is facing. Furthermore, the synergy of fossil fuels (especially coal) with renewable energy, the synergy of different kinds of energy for energy storage, the synergy of centralized and distributed supply of different kinds of energy, and the synergy of different kinds of energy in smart energy grid (power, gas, heat, and water) are the keys to making China a low-carbon economy. Carbon dioxide (CO ) mitigation in China should begin from the coal-chemical industry given their accumulated relevant experiences. The mitigation process should gradually be transformed into the “IGCC+ polygeneration+ CCUS”. The objectives of this paper are to describe the synergistic utilization of coal, and to analyze the synergy of coal with other energy resources, and to propose the scientific and technological problems to achieve these synergies.

关键词： synergy clean and efficient utilization of coal coal-based polygenration CO₂ mitigation energy storage

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温室气体提高采收率的资源化利用及地下埋存

沈平平,江怀友

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第5期页码 54-59

摘要：

全球气候变化是人类迄今面临的既重大又复杂的环境问题,由于温室气体大量排放而引起的全球气候变暖问题日趋严峻，正在严重地威胁着人类赖以生存的环境，国际社会必须采取积极有效措施。2006年中国国家科技部批准国家“九七三”项目——温室气体提高石油采收率的资源化利用及地下埋存研究。建立适合中国国情的CO₂高效利用和埋存体系；实现CO₂减排的社会效益和CO₂高效利用的经济效益；发展适合中国国情的CO₂埋存地下理论、多相多组分相态理论、多相多组分非线性渗流理论和CO₂捕集与储运理论。通过上述基础研究，形成具有自主知识产权的CO₂地质埋存和高效利用的综合技术，使中国CO₂安全埋存—高效利用研究处于国际水平。必将为全球资源和环境的高水平、高效益开发和可持续发展提供理论及实践依据。

关键词：温室气体资源化利用 CO2地下埋存提高采收率

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基于样地调查的地质碳储量的贝叶斯优化

Xueying Lu, Kirk E. Jordan, Mary F. Wheeler, Edward O. Pyzer-Knapp, Matthew Benatan

《工程（英文）》 2022年第18卷第11期页码 96-104 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.06.011

摘要：

We present a framework that couples a high-fidelity compositional reservoir simulator with Bayesian optimization (BO) for injection well scheduling optimization in geological carbon sequestration. This work represents one of the first at tempts to apply BO and high-fidelity physics models to geological carbon storage. The implicit parallel accurate reservoir simulator (IPARS) is utilized to accurately capture the underlying physical processes during CO2 sequestration. IPARS provides a framework for several flow and mechanics models and thus supports both stand-alone and coupled simulations. In this work, we use the compositional flow module to simulate the geological carbon storage process. The compositional flow model, which includes a hysteretic three-phase relative permeability model, accounts for three major CO2 trapping mechanisms: structural trapping, residual gas trapping, and solubility trapping. Furthermore, IPARS is coupled to the International Business Machines (IBM) Corporation Bayesian Optimization Accelerator (BOA) for parallel optimizations of CO2 injection strategies during field-scale CO2 sequestration. BO builds a probabilistic surrogate for the objective function using a Bayesian machine learning algorithm—the Gaussian process regression, and then uses an acquisition function that leverages the uncertainty in the surrogate to decide where to sample. The IBM BOA addresses the three weaknesses of standard BO that limits its scalability in that IBM BOA supports parallel (batch) executions, scales better for high-dimensional problems, and is more robust to initializations. We demonstrate these merits by applying the algorithm in the optimization of the CO2 injection schedule in the Cranfield site in Mississippi, USA, using field data. The optimized injection schedule achieves 16% more gas storage volume and 56% less water/surfactant usage compared with the baseline. The performance of BO is compared with that of a genetic algorithm (GA) and a covariance matrix adaptation (CMA)-evolution strategy (ES). The results demonstrate the superior performance of BO, in that it achieves a competitive objective function value with over 60% fewer forward model evaluations.

关键词：组分流贝叶斯优化地质碳储量 CCUS 机器学习人工智能科学

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碳捕集利用与封存中的金属腐蚀问题研究：进展与挑战

向勇 ,原玉 ,周佩 ,刘广胜 ,吕伟 ,李明星 ,张春霞 ,周庆军 ,赵雪会 ,闫伟

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第3期页码 197-208 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.026

摘要：

深入研究碳捕集、利用与封存（CCUS）技术中的金属腐蚀问题产生的机理和影响，对有效应对和解决捕集、运输、利用与封存系统中存在的材料腐蚀失效问题至关重要，为此，本文对CCUS技术存在的金属腐蚀问题研究进展及挑战进行了综述。本文基于CCUS技术各系统腐蚀环境新颖、腐蚀行为特殊、认知程度有限、防护手段相对匮乏等情况，结合CCUS各系统中的腐蚀环境特点，分析了可能存在的金属腐蚀类型及其主要影响因素，并对其带来的挑战进行了梳理，最后，本文对未来需迫切开展的研究方向进行了展望，包括不同碳源杂质对各子系统的腐蚀影响研究、长期封存条件下井筒区域材料降解规律研究以及CCUS系统腐蚀防护技术研究等。

关键词：碳捕集、利用与封存；碳源杂质；腐蚀环境特点；腐蚀影响因素；超临界CO2

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地热能储存与CO₂封存和利用的一体化框架 Article

刘月亮, 胡婷, 芮振华, 张政, 都凯, 杨涛, Birol Dindoruk, Erling Halfdan Stenby, Farshid Torabi, Andrey Afanasyevc

《工程（英文）》 2023年第30卷第11期页码 121-130 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.12.010

摘要：

地下地热能储存在封存容量和封存周期上比其他储能策略更具有潜力。二氧化碳（CO₂）由于其优越的热力学属性而被视是一种极具潜力的储能介质。此外，利用CO₂羽流进行地热储能可通过将CO₂储存于地质体中来缓解温室效应。本文提出了一个协同地热能储能和二氧化碳封存利用的一体化框架：CO₂首先被注入到地热层以进行能量积累。然后，将产生的高能CO₂引入到目标油藏中，用于CO₂利用和地热能储存。最后，将CO₂有效地封存在地质油藏体中。结果表明，随着高能CO₂的注入，整个目标油藏的平均温度大幅度提高。在地热能的协助下，CO₂的地质利用率更高，从而使驱油效率提高了10.1%。根据对模拟CO₂场地的封存潜力的评估，CO₂注入110年后，地质体的利用率将高达91.2%，场地内CO₂的最终注入量将高达9.529 × 10⁸t。经过1000年封存，超临界相在CO₂封存中占主导地位，其次是液相，然后是矿化相。此外，由于残余油的存在，用于溶解捕获的CO₂封存量显著增加。更重要的是，CO₂在大规模储存地热能方面表现出优异的性能；例如，在所研究的地质体中储存的总能量每年可为超过3.5 × 10⁷户正常家庭提供能源供应。采用这种一体化方法对大规模地热能储存以及到2050年实现碳中和目标具有十分重要的意义。

关键词：地热能储存 CO₂封存碳中和大规模 CO₂利用

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钱春香：微生物固碳矿化与建材封存利用（2021年5月21日）

2021年11月26日

关键词：碳中和

Energy storage resources management: Planning, operation, and business model

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 373-391 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0194-4

摘要： With the acceleration of supply-side renewable energy penetration rate and the increasingly diversified and complex demand-side loads, how to maintain the stable, reliable, and efficient operation of the power system has become a challenging issue requiring investigation. One of the feasible solutions is deploying the energy storage system (ESS) to integrate with the energy system to stabilize it. However, considering the costs and the input/output characteristics of ESS, both the initial configuration process and the actual operation process require efficient management. This study presents a comprehensive review of managing ESS from the perspectives of planning, operation, and business model. First of all, in terms of planning and configuration, it is investigated from capacity planning, location planning, as well as capacity and location combined planning. This process is generally the first step in deploying ESS. Then, it explores operation management of ESS from the perspectives of state assessment and operation optimization. The so-called state assessment refers to the assessment of three aspects: The state of charge (SOC), the state of health (SOH), and the remaining useful life (RUL). The operation optimization includes ESS operation strategy optimization and joint operation optimization. Finally, it discusses the business models of ESS. Traditional business models involve ancillary services and load transfer, while emerging business models include electric vehicle (EV) as energy storage and shared energy storage.

关键词： energy storage system energy storage resources management planning configuration operational management business model

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Production of hydrogen from fossil fuel: A review

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第5期页码 585-610 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0886-4

摘要： Production of hydrogen, one of the most promising alternative clean fuels, through catalytic conversion from fossil fuel is the most technically and economically feasible technology. Catalytic conversion of natural gas into hydrogen and carbon is thermodynamically favorable under atmospheric conditions. However, using noble metals as a catalyst is costly for hydrogen production, thus mandating non-noble metal-based catalysts such as Ni, Co, and Cu-based alloys. This paper reviews the various hydrogen production methods from fossil fuels through pyrolysis, partial oxidation, autothermal, and steam reforming, emphasizing the catalytic production of hydrogen via steam reforming of methane. The multicomponent catalysts composed of several non-noble materials have been summarized. Of the Ni, Co, and Cu-based catalysts investigated in the literature, Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst is the most economical and performs best because it suppresses the coke formation on the catalyst. To avoid carbon emission, this method of hydrogen production from methane should be integrated with carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). Carbon capture can be accomplished by absorption, adsorption, and membrane separation processes. The remaining challenges, prospects, and future research and development directions are described.

关键词： methane catalytic conversion natural gas hydrogen production CCUS